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Article by Jane's
รายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับระบบ SAMCOS ซึ่งเป็นระบบความคุมและสั่งการ (Command and Control) ที่ถูกพัฒนาโดยบริษัท Shaw Defence Systems ของสก็อตแลนด์สำหรับกองทัพอากาศไทย
ระบบ SAMCOS จะรับข้อมูลจากเรดาร์มาแสดงผลที่หน้าจอของกรมควบคุมปฏิบัติการทางอากาศและในหน้าจอผู้ปฏิบัติงานกับของระบบอาวุธแต่ละชนิด โดยระบบของกองทัพอากาศไทยนั้นเป็นการเชื่อมต่อระหว่างระบบเรดาร์แบบ Gireffe-40, อาวุธปล่อยนำวิถีระยะไกลนำวิถีด้วยเลเซอร์แบบ RBS-70, และอาวุธปล่อยต่อสู้อากาศยานประทับบ่าแบบ QW-2 ผ่านระบบ Data link ภายในและระบบ Data link อื่นของกองทัพอากาศ นอกจากนั้นยังมีการพัฒนาระบบให้กับเรดาร์แบบ TPS-70 ของ Lockheed Martin ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของระบบป้องกันภัยทางอากาศไทย (Royal Thai Air Defense System: RTADS)
SAMCOS เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการพัฒนากองทัพอากาศตามแนวคิดสงครามเครือข่าย (Network Centric Warfare) ซึ่งเป็นแนวคิดในการทำสงครามสมัยใหม่ที่่ช่วยลดความสูญเสียและควา่มเสี่ยงในการโจมตีฝ่ายเดียวกันเอง แต่เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการปฏิบัติงานและการทำภารกิจโดยการเชื่อมต่อหน่วยรบต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน ทำให้แต่ละหน่วยเห็นภาพและสถานะของหน่วยฝ่ายเราในสนามรบทั้งหมด ซึ่งจะช่วยในการตัดสินใจของผู้บังคับบัญชาอีกด้วย
บทความในภาษาอังกฤษจาก Jane's International Defense Review
From Jane's International Defense Review
Shaw Defence Systems shows off new SAMCOS
Giles Ebbutt
A new, low-cost off-the-shelf air-defence command-and-control system was displayed at the DSEi 2009 exhibition in London.
The Surface-to-Air Missile Command-and-Control System (SAMCOS) was developed by Scotland-based Shaw Defence Systems for the Royal Thai Air Force and is aimed principally at the upgrade market.
SAMCOS interfaces with air defence radars and presents a correlated air picture both at the air-defence command centre (ADCC) and at the SAMCOS fire-control units (FCUs) located with each weapon system. In Thailand it is integrated with the Saab Giraffe 40 target-tracking radar and the Saab Bofors Dynamics RBSL70 and Chinese Qianwei- ('Vanguard') 2 (QW-2) SAM systems. The latter is similar to the Russian Igla-1. Interfaces have also been developed for the Northrop Grumman TPS-70 radar. Communications are provided by a narrowband (4.8 kb/s) VHF datalink, and the system can also link to combat net radios with a digital interface.
The ADCC can view the status of all subordinate weapon systems, including readiness, availability and engagement state. Both positive and procedural control measures can be used. Air raid warnings and readiness states can be disseminated to all levels.
Commands can be injected by the ADCC to track and engage specific targets, with audible alarms at the FCU, and the weapon operator is offered simple responses to commands. If an interface is available the FCU can be directly connected to the weapon to provide automatic target location information; otherwise the FCU provides audible instructions to the weapon operator.
The software includes a training package that enables training exercises to be played over the datalink network with simulated targets that can change heading, height, speed and identify friend or foe at waypoints. Both live and simulated data can be recorded and replayed for after-action analysis.
Butch Mayers, Shaw Defence Systems managing director told Jane's that SAMCOS has been customised into Thai, but it can be produced in "any" language. The company is marketing the system as an inexpensive off-the-shelf upgrade for legacy air-defence systems.
From Defence Systems & Equipment International Exhibition 2009 Preview
Perfect timing
From slow time Voice-tell to a near real time
Data Link SAM Command & Control System
The Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) Security Command gave Shaw Software Consultants Limited the opportunity and support to develop a cost effective solution to upgrade a slow and inefficient ‘Voice-tell’ SAM Command and Control system with a
‘State of the art’ computerised system. Such a system would provide the SAM Fire Units with a near real time display at the weapon, giving them time to point their short range infrared and laser guided missiles in the direction of the target,
before it reached visual acquisition range. The system should be able to give the Fire Units the targets range and bearing pictorially, using a common operating picture on a laptop computer, and audibly through headphones or loudspeaker, to the nearest one degree of azimuth and one kilometre in range.
PROTOTYPE SYSTEM
In 2005 a prototype system had been developed and was demonstrated to the RTAF, using a cumbersome directional long range broadband wireless LAN data link. The system was also demonstrated to the Royal Air Force, who provided
some valuable inputs into the system’s final design. There were a number of features which had to be incorporated into the system design, and consequently a number of problems to overcome.
PRODUCE A LOW COST NARROW BAND VHF DATA LINK
A multi channel omni directional ruggedized 5-watt narrow band VHF radio modem, with a range of more than 20kms, was selected for the data link system. However, in order to get the real time radar data and command data to go across the 4.8Kbyte communications network, in near real time, SSCL had to develop its own variable message format data link.
INTERFACE THE SYSTEM WITH THE TARGET TRACKING RADAR
SSCL had the expertise in data links and radar integration, so connecting to the target tracking radar, in this case the Ericsson Giraffe40, was quite straight forward. The radar data was then broadcast to all the SAM Fire Units and the SAM
Command Centre very 1 to 2 seconds. After each radar data update, the system would poll the fire units in sequence for any replies to command messages sent over the link and for updates to its engagement status. For a 6-fire unit system, the worst case command acknowledgement response is 12 seconds with an average of 6 seconds.
THE SYSTEM HAD TO BE VERY PORTABLE AND BE RAPIDLY DEPLOYED
Portability of the system and how to keep the Fire Units operational for up to 12 hours, without the need for external re-supply, was achieved by housing the sun-readable rugged laptop computer and the radio modem inside an aluminium carry-case. The carry-case was then connected to a portable power pack containing one 12 volt 28ah battery and a
500 watt ac inverter. The later versions will have additional PC batteries housed inside the carry-case. Once deployed, the system can be operational within the time it takes to connect the power pack, erect the antenna and boot up the computer. In practice, less than 5 minutes.
ALLOCATE THE WEAPONS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE TARGETS IN AN EFFICIENT AND TIMELY MANNER.
Although the system has both positive and procedural modes of control, manual allocation of weapons to targets still took too much time. Therefore a third mode of operation was developed giving the SAM Commander and Weapons Allocator
time to oversee the ‘big-picture’, whilst the computer would look after the weapon allocation. This was achieved by developing an automated Threat Evaluation and Weapon Allocation (TEWA) mode of control, which could automatically allocate weapons to the 10 greatest threats.
SIMULATION FOR PLANNING & TRAINING
The system had to have a comprehensive simulation capability allowing the operator to easily generate realistic training exercises and transmit them across the data link network. This facility, which also includes record and replay, allows SAM Units to practice deployments and to train realistically, without the need to use costly live aircraft.
SYSTEM CUSTOMISATION
SAMCOS displays and user documentation is customised to the users own language. SAMCOS was successfully trialled early in 2009 and is now in service with the RTAF.
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